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Quick Summary

Find the first occurrence index of a target value in a sorted array.
If the target is absent, return the index of the largest element less than or equal to the target.
Requires modified binary search boundaries to handle duplicates and floor-value fallback.

What This Tests

Binary search boundary manipulation
Handling duplicate elements correctly
Edge case management for out-of-range targets
Post-loop pointer state interpretation

Common Patterns

Binary Search

Test Cases

Input

Output

Expected