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Quick Summary
Count character frequencies and initialize a leaf node for each unique character.
Sort nodes by ascending frequency, using lexicographical order as a tie-breaker.
Iteratively merge nodes by attaching the next character as the left child and the accumulated subtree as the right child.
What This Tests
Frequency analysis using hash maps
Multi-key custom sorting logic
Iterative tree construction and reference reassignment
Greedy merging strategies
Common Patterns
Hashing
Sorting
Greedy
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